东北地区大豆品种资源脂肪酸组成的分析研究

测定2341份我国东北地区大豆品种资源5种脂肪酸含量。以亚油酸含量最高,45—62%。平均含量依次为亚油酸>油酸>棕榈酸>亚麻酸>硬脂酸。分析比较结果,各脂肪酸含量,不同种皮色、脐色、结荚习性、叶形和花色品种间存在显著差异。棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量,不同栽培类型、不同粒形品种间有显著差异。硬脂酸、油酸和亚麻酸     

中国东北大豆与日本大豆品种PEPCase基因的多态性

Soybeans in Northeast of China are one of the most importantgenetic resources in the world.In order to use themeffectively insoybean breeding,it is necessary to evaluate the maincharacteristics,especially the quality characteristics such as seedprotein content.It is reported that the PEPCase activity in soybeanseeds is positively correlated with the seed protein content andnegatively correlated with the lipid content[1].PEPCase is alsopresent in seeds of different species[2~4],and may play…     

玉米超氧物歧化酶酶谱型的遗传分析

我们在吉林省主要玉米自交系中曾发现两种超氧物歧化酶变异型。1988年采用酶谱型不同的3个自交系配制了2个杂交组合。根据F1、F2和F3的资料对玉米超氧物歧化酶酶谱型的遗传方式进行了分析。结果表明，玉米超氧物歧化酶SODala2的有无受一对主效基因控制，以Sod1和sod1表示。     

等离子体处理玉米对化肥利用率的影响

2004年在吉林省桦甸市桦郊乡进行了等离子体种子4种不同剂量、6个处理区的试验。经过在拔节期、成熟期干物质的化验分析和测产，结果表明应用等离子体种子处理1.0A×2和1.5A×2的剂量能促进玉米吸收养分，（N＋P2O5＋K2O）总量比CK1提高10%以上；比CK1提高化肥利用率即提高氮肥、磷肥和钾肥利用率为7.4%~8.2%、 11.3%~19.7%和 15.7%~23.5%。明确了等离子体种子处理1.0A×2的剂量，比CK1增产8.2%，效果显著。     

小麦品种对赤霉病抗扩展性的遗传研究

本研究采用单花针注法接种,以病小穗数为统计单位,对1个感病品种和6个抗病品种杂交取得的F_1、F_2、B_1、B_2及其P_1和P_2进行了抗性调查,研究了这6个小麦品种抗赤霉病性的遗传,结果表明:6个抗性亲本抗性由强到弱的顺序为繁60096、苏麦3号、宁7840、翻山小麦、龙79B-1165、克80F_(3-119),抗病性以加性效应为主,显性效应不可忽     

Effects of temperature on soil organic carbon fractions contents,aggregate stability and structural characteristics of humic substances in a Mollisol

Purpose

Under a global warming scenario, understanding the response of soil organic carbon fractions and aggregate stability to temperature increases is important not only for better understanding and maintaining relevant ecosystem services like soil fertility and crop productivity, but also for understanding key environmental processes intimately related with the maintenance of other regulatory ecosystem services like global climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration. An increase in temperature would accelerate the mineralization of soil organic carbon. However, the properties of organic carbon remained in soil after mineralization is not well known.

Materials and methods

Mollisol was collected at 0–20-cm depth from maize (Zea mays L.) field in Northeast China. A 180-day incubation experiment was conducted at three different temperatures (10, 30, and 50 °C) under constant soil moisture (60 % water holding capacity). Soil samples were assayed for total organic carbon (TOC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), humic fractions carbon, aggregate-associated carbon, and water stability of aggregates. Elemental analysis and solid-state ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to characterize humic acid and humin fractions.

Results and discussion

The contents of soil TOC, EOC, humic fractions carbon, and aggregate-associated carbon decreased with the increase in temperature. The proportion of 2–0.25-mm macroaggregate and the mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates also decreased. The C, H, N, S, alkyl C, and O-alkyl C contents of humic acid and humin decreased, whereas the O, aromatic C, and carbonyl C contents increased. The H/C, aliphatic C/aromatic C, and O-alkyl C/aromatic C ratios in humic acid and humin fractions decreased.

Conclusions

The increase in temperature has a negative impact on soil organic carbon content, soil aggregation, and aggregate stability. Moreover, humic acid and humin molecules become less aliphatic and more decomposed with the increase in temperature.

     

不同耕作方式对玉米根系特性及养分吸收转运的影响

  【目的】  耕作方式影响玉米根系的生长发育及养分吸收，比较东北中部雨养区不同耕作制度下玉米根系生长和养分吸收特征，为建立合理的耕作方式提供理论依据和技术支撑。  【方法】  2011―2012年，在吉林省连续进行了2年的田间定位试验，设置4种耕作方式:浅灭茬后直接播种 (对照，T1)，苗带深松后镇压 (T2)，行间深松且苗带镇压 (T3)，苗带行间全部深松 (T4)。在6展叶期、吐丝期和生理成熟期，取0—60 cm土层的植株根系样品，分析玉米产量、养分吸收转运及根系生长发育特征。  【结果】  不同耕作方式下玉米产量差异显著 (P < 0.05)，两年平均值表现为T3 > T2 > T1 > T4，T2处理和T3处理的产量分别比T1处理增加8.1%和10.2%。与T1处理相比，T2和T3处理均增加了玉米吐丝后氮磷钾养分累积量，吐丝后累积养分对籽粒的贡献率显著增加 (P < 0.05)。T2和T3处理下的氮、磷、钾累积量对籽粒的贡献率分别比T1处理增加了0.4%～3.6%、16.9%～33.8%、70.5%～82.1%，T3处理增幅高于T2处理。T2和T3处理显著增加了玉米各生育期的总根干重、总根长和总根表面积 (P < 0.05)，其中，6展叶期至成熟期，总根干重、总根长、总根表面积的增幅分别为9.8%～22.8%、16.1%～33.1%、19.9%～38.2%。T2和T3处理在各土壤剖面的根系形态均优于T1处理，其中以T2处理最佳，且在20—40 cm土层间差异最为显著 (P < 0.05)。与T1处理相比，T3处理下各生育时期在20—40 cm土层的根干重、根长、根表面积平均增幅为34.1%、48.3%、47.8%，根直径平均增幅为22.1%。  【结论】  与浅灭茬后直接播种相比，苗带行间全部深松不利于根系发育，而行间深松且苗带镇压方式促进了根系的生长发育和纵向延伸，尤其是在20—40 cm土层根系干重、根长和根表面积明显增加，有利于根系对深层土壤养分的吸收利用，进而提高玉米花后累积养分对籽粒的贡献率，增加产量。     

Effect of Soil Organic Matter on Adsorption of Nitrification Inhibitor Nitrapyrin in Black Soil

ABSTRACT

Experiments were conducted to study the adsorption kinetics and isothermal adsorption mechanism of nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin onto the black soil of northeastern China. The nitrapyrin adsorption kinetics of the black soil were fitted with a quasi-second-order kinetics equation before and after organic matter removal (R² ≥ 0.8320, p < .05). The adsorption isotherm was obtained by the Langmuir equation (R² ≥ 0.9400, p < .05). Isothermal adsorption requires less energy and is a spontaneous endothermic reaction with an L-type isothermal curve (n > 1), dominated by surface physical adsorption. With the decrease of organic matter content in black soil, the adsorption mechanism of nitrapyin changed from distribution mechanism to surface adsorption. The black soil’s organic matter content exhibited a quadratic relation with the maximum adsorption capacity and adsorption constant (Kf) at the different temperatures, reaching significant levels (R² ≥ 0.6484, p < .05).